Adding Vivid Description to Your Writing
Description is considered a mode of expository writing, but description is also a major component of every expository writing. In a narrative, for example, description can make the setting of characters more vivid; in a process paper it can insure that the audience understands the finished product. Regardless of how we use description, it is a process by which we easily strengthen an essay.
Principles
Students often ask, "But how do I write a descriptive essay? What's the point of description? What's so different about it?" There are three characteristics of a purely descriptive essay which are worthy of remembering.
1. A descriptive essay has one, clear dominant impression. If, for example you are describing a snowfall, it is important for you to decide and to let your reader know if it is threatening or lovely; in order to have one dominant impression it cannot be both. The dominant impression guides the author's selection of detail and is thereby made clear to the reader in the thesis sentence.
2. A descriptive essay can be objective or subjective, giving the author a wide choice of tone, diction and attitude. For instance, an objective description of one's dog would mention such facts as height, weight, coloring and so forth. A subjective description would include the above details, but would also stress the author's feeling toward the dog, as well as its personality and habits.
3. The purpose of a descriptive essay is to involve the reader enough to help him to actually visualize the things being described. A description essay deals with the distinctiveness of the object or scene.
Conventions
| The descriptive essay relies on concrete, sensory detail to communicate its point. Remember, we have five senses, not one or two. |
| The author of a descriptive essay must carefully select his details to support the dominant impression. In other words, the author has the license to omit details which are incongruent with the dominant impression, unless the dominant impression is one which points out the discrepancies. |
| Description very often relies on emotion to convey its point. Because of this, verbs, adverbs, and adjectives convey more to the reader than do nouns. |
| Unless the description is objective, you must be sure that the dominant impression conveys an attitude. |
Strategies
| Try giving all the details first; the dominant impression then is built from these details. |
| Check your details to be sure that they are consistent with the dominant impression. You might even want to write down the five senses on a scratch piece of paper and check to see that you have covered them all. |
| Try moving your reader through space and time chronologically. For instance, you might want to describe a train ride from start to destination, or a stream from its source to the point at which it joins the river. |
| Use a then-and-now approach to show decay, change or improvement. The house where you grew up might now be a rambling shack. The variations on this strategy are endless. |
| Select an emotion and try to describe it. It might be more difficult to get started, but it can be worthwhile. |